Bulgaria - Croatia - Romania - Serbia - Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Croatia)

In Roman times, the Danube acted as the border (limes) between the Roman Empire and barbaric lands almost in its full length. The Croatian part of the Danubian limes stretches from Batina Skela to Ilok and is 188 km long. This section of border was secured by forts and watchtowers. These were connected by military roads and Danube itself forms the border marking. It goes through two areas that do not have just different names (Baranja and Slavonija) but also different geomorphologic structure. The north-western Baranja is a flat area dominated by the Baranja Hill (243 m), while the area between the rivers Danube and Drava is covered by marshland of Kopacki Rit. In Slavonian region the limes is marked by steep and high banks of the Danube. The Croatian part of the Danubian limes can be separated in two areas: the "belt" immediately by the river (one has to bear in mind that the Danube has changed its flow in this area to some extent) and the hinterland. In the hinterland of this part of limes there was a number of local roads, but also three very important land corridors that went along important rivers such as the river Sava (Emona – Siscia – Sirmium) and Drava (Poetovia – Mursa - Cibale – Sirmium), as well as the road that linked Klosterneuburg/Cannabiaca and Zemun/Taurunum, constructed by Romans to increase the flow of army and goods. That road went along the right bank of the Danube. CROATIA Components: 1 Batina-Gradac, (Ad Militare II), Fort 2 Batina-Sredno, (Ad Militare I) Fort, Cemetery 3 Popovac (Antianae?) Fortification 4 Zmajevac-Gradac/ Várhegy, (Ad Novas), Fortification 5 Zmajevac-Gradac/ Mocsolás, (Ad Novas?), Cemetery 6 Kneževi Vinogradi-Crvena ćuprija, Military installation 7 Kneževi Vinogradi-Dragojlov brijeg, (Donatianae?), Fort, Cemetery 8 Lug-Gradina, (Albanum), Fortification, Cemetery 9 Kopačevo-Mali Sakadaš, (Báksad), (Ad labores?), Fortification 10 Bilje-Biljska cesta, Road 11 Osijek-Roman bridge, Bridge over the Drava river, (vis-à-vis Roman Mursa) 12 Osijek-Donji grad, (Mursa), Military installation, Civil settlement, Road 13 Dalj-Banjkas, Fort 14 Dalj-Šljivici, Military installation 15 Dalj-Beglučarica, Military installation 16 Borovo-Gradac, Military installation 17 Borovo-Šanac, Military installation 18 Sotin-Popovo brdo, (Cornacum), Fort 19 Sotin-Jaroši, Fort 20 Šarengrad-Gradac, Watchtower 21 Ilok-Bišket, Watchtower 22 Ilok-Česta, Military installation 23 Ilok-Gornji grad, (Cuccium), Fort, cemeteries ROMANIA Components: 1 Pojejena Pojejena, Caraș Severin couty 1 Șitamiţa auxiliary fort 228700.152 369602.083 2 Grojdibodu Grojdibodu, OLT county 1 auxiliary fort 439925.882 245071.691 3 Corabia Celei, OLT county 1 auxiliary fort 456596.145 251758.443 4 Corabia Celei, OLT county 2 bridgehead 456386.742 251655.450 5 Traian Traian, Teleorman county 1 Flămânda fort 498775.294 248298.281 6 Islaz Islaz, Teleorman county 1 Racoviţa fort 480575.693 248194.860 7 Drobeta-Turnu Severin Insula Banului, Mehedinți county 1 Insula Banului auxiliary fort 305634.970 354190.755 8 Drobeta-Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu, Severin, Mehedinți county 2 auxiliary fort, legionary fortlet 315095.375 349922.248 9 Drobeta-Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu, Severin, Mehedinți county 3 brigehead 315008.351 349797.060 10 Hinova Hinova, Mehedinți county 1 Tarină auxiliary fort 323013.272 340915.200 11 Desa Desa, Dolj county 1 auxiliary fort 336298.125 259972.637 12 Bistreţ Bistreţ, Dolj county 1 Grindu Cetate auxiliary fort 383301.669 258730.749 13 Ostrov Ostrov, Constanța county 1 Durostorum auxiliary fort 684700.645 292791.731 14 Lipniţa Canli, Constanța county 1 Dervent auxiliary fort 698709.577 295612.216 15 Lipniţa Canli, Constanța county 2 auxiliary fort 700656.131 297334.052 16 Oltina Satu Nou, Constanța county 1 Pârjoaia auxiliary fort 705473.317 301262.774 17 Oltina Satu Nou, Constanța county 2 Capu Dealului auxiliary fort 710488.941 302536.075 18 Oltina Oltina, Constanța county 3 Măciuca auxiliary fort 715045.809 302117.604 19 Ion Corvin Viile, Constanța county 1 Beilic auxiliary fort 721273.276 300718.161 20 Aliman Dunăreni, Constanța county 1 Dunăreni auxiliary fort 727667.891 308487.516 21 Rasova Rasova, Constanța county 1 auxiliary fort 731820.338 307647.418 22 Cernavodă Cernavodă, Constanța county 1 Hinog auxiliary fort 740912.003 317069.291 23 Seimeni Seimeni Mari, Constanța county 1 auxiliary fort 744138.687 325696.996 24 Topalu Capidava, Constanța county 1 Capidava auxiliary fort 745873.562 337377.878 25 Topalu Topalu, Constanța county 2 auxiliary fort 741462.601 347434.266 26 Hârșova Hârșova, Constanța county 1 auxiliary fort 734143.590 357845.971 27 Gârliciu Gârliciu, Constanța county 1 auxiliary fort 742615.299 362762.975 28 Ostrov Piatra, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 748095.887 382230.354 29 Peceneaga Peceneaga, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 748242.865 391428.768 30 Cerna Traian, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 755169.175 397572.215 31 Turcoaia Turcoaia, Tulcea county 1 La Cetate auxiliary fort 751330.344 409837.570 32 Măcin Măcin, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 745649.497 420305.004 33 Jijila Jijila, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 746824.947 428891.833 34 Jijila Garvăn, Tulcea county 2 Cetatea Dinogeţia auxiliary fort 745883.240 435838.294 35 Lucaviţa Lucaviţa, Tulcea county 1 Dealul Milan auxiliary fort 756637.410 428917.465 36 Lucaviţa Rachelu, Tulcea county 2 auxiliary fort 761867.847 425690.658 37 Isaccea Isaccea, Tulcea county 1 Noviodunum auxiliary fort 774136.028 424915.777 38 Tulcea Tulcea, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 799873.725 416701.805 39 Mahmudia Mahmudia, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 820150.143 408194.135 40 Murighiol Murighiol, Tulcea county 1 auxiliary fort 830843.950 400274.756 41 Murighiol Dunavăţu de Sus, Tulcea county 2 Dunavăţu de Sus auxiliary fort 833053.209 399889.720 42 Murighiol Dunavăţu de Jos, Tulcea county 3 Cetatea, Zaporojenilor auxiliary fort 827662.344 395176.391 43 Galaţi Galaţi, Galați county 1 auxiliary fort 734098.624 438285.275 44 Galaţi Galaţi, Galați county 2 fort 735151.743 438725.033 45 Braniște / Șendreni Traian, Șerbeștii Vechi, Galați county 1 Valul lui Traian 4 earthen rampart 724437.746 438445.462 46 Braniște / Șendreni Traian / Șerbeștii Vech, Galați county i 2 Valul lui Traian 3 earthen rampart 724530.374 439919.248 47 Smârdan / Vânători Mihail Kogălniceanu / Odaia Manolache, Galați county 1 Valul lui Traian 2 earthen rampart 727937.444 450643.343 48 Smârdan Mihail Kogălniceanu / Cișmele, Galați county 2 Valul lui Traian 2a earthen rampart 726520.944 447950.240 49 Vânători / Tulucești Odaia Manolache, Tulucești, Galați county 1 / 2 Valul lui Traian 1 earthen rampart