Ukraine - Astronomical Observatories of Ukraine

Research Institute (RI) Mykolayiv Astronimical Observatory. N46 58 3 E31 58 5 Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv National University. N50 27 2 E30 29 9 Research Institue (RI) Astronomical Observatory of Odesa National University. N46 28 6 E30 45 5 Research Institute (RI) Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. N44 43 7 E34 01 0 World's Astronomy Monuments is a project of serial transnational group of historico-cultural monuments, which have outstanding universal value and are connected with other observatories, architectural complexes and separate buildings in the world. Within the framework of the thematic initiative "Astronomy and World Heritage", Ukraine represents four observatories: the RI Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory, the Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv National University, the RI Astronomical Observatory of Odesa National University, the RI Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, which belong to the same historico-cultural group. The history of these observatories is connected with two outstanding achievements in astronomy of the 19th-20th centuries. The first important achievement was a creation of the fundamental celestial coordinate system, which allows us to improve astronomical constants, to answer fundamental cosmological questions related with the origin and evolution of universe. Five fundamental catalogues of stars were created during 200 years as the result of combined efforts of many observatories all over the world. The celestial coordinate system was created on the basis of these catalogues. Since 1935 this system has been used as the reference coordinate system for astronomy and geodesy.